Verbs - Descriptive Form II

Verbs - Descriptive Form II

The descriptive form II of verbs takes the meaning of "~ed." (ie. past tense) or is used as a past tense clause involving "who, which, that etc.".

Written Form	Plain	Descriptive II
Positive	달리다	달린
Negative	달리지 않다	달리지 않은

 
The Table of Common Verbs and Their Descriptive Forms II

Written Form	Plain	Descriptive II
Run	달리다	달린
Eat	먹다	먹은
Go	가다	간
Stand	서다	선
Come	오다	온
Sit	앉다	앉은
Buy	사다	산
Sell	팔다	판
Grow	자라다	자란
Throw	던지다	던진
Borrow	빌리다	빌린
Lend	빌려주다	빌려준
Play	놀다	논
Write	쓰다	쓴
Read	읽다	읽은
Listen to	듣다	들은
Live	살다	산
Die	죽다	죽은

 
Verbs can be used in front of nouns to describe them, and form a past tense clause involving "who, which, that" of English. For example, the descriptive form II of 떠나다 is 떠난 and 떠난 기차 means a "train which left". Literally, 떠난 means "left" therefore 떠난 기차 = a left train

● Rules 

First, take 다 off a verb and then, 

1. For verbs with a final consonant, add 은

Eg.

• 먹다 → 먹은 = ate
• 사과 먹은 난쟁이 → a dwarf who ate an apple

• 죽다 → 죽은 = died/dead
• 죽은 병사 → a dead soldier (= a soldier who died)

• 믿다 → 믿지 않은 = disbelieved
  
• 믿지 않은 토마스 → Thomas who disbelieved

• 읽다 → 읽은 = read (past tense)
  
• 읽은 기사 → an article that I read 

2. For verbs without a final consonant and verbs with ㄹ as a final consonant, replace it with ㄴ as a final consonant.

Eg.

• 빌리다 → 빌린 = borrowed
• 빌린 책 → a book which I borrowed (Lit. a borrowed book)

• 쓰다 →쓴 = wrote
• 성루까가 쓴 복음 = the gospel which St. Luke wrote
  

• 멈추다 → 멈춘 = stopped
• 버스가 멈춘 곳 = a place where the bus stopped

Sentences: Negatives

• 기다리다 → 기다리지 않은 = didn't wait
• 주님을 기다리지 않은 하인 → a servant who didn't wait for the Lord

• 먹다 → 먹지않은 = didn't eat
• 음식을 먹지 않은 개 = a dog who didn't eat food

• 포기하다 → 포기하지 않은 = didn't give up
• 끝까지 포기하지 않은 욥 = Job who didn't give up till the end